History of Costa Rica: The "Rich Coast" Then and Now
True to its name, Costa Rica is a country with many riches to discover. It has abundant natural resources, vibrant people, and a fascinating culture. But above all, the history of Costa Rica holds many treasures.
Though its name has an ironic origin, this Central American nation has come a long way in living up to its rich image and heritage. The history of Costa Rica is a long tale of a hidden beauty unfolded through the ages. What we see now is a product of many generations’ struggles, dreams, and victories.
Currently, it has a population of about 5 million, a people known to be one of the happiest in the world. These Ticos, as they fondly call themselves, often greet each other “Pura Vida,” which reflects their value for the simple good life.
If you are new to the country or interested in visiting soon, these important events in Costa Rica history will help you understand and appreciate the Rich Coast more.
Important Events in Costa Rica History
Ancient Costa Rica
The earliest history of Costa Rica tells us that the first settlers were hunters and gatherers. They were nomadic clans whose presence in the land can be dated from 10,000 to 7,000 BC.
Thousands of years later, the native people became largely clustered in two main cultural areas due to their respective geographical locations. The Nicoya Peninsula of the Northwest was of Mesoamerican influence while the central and southern regions were dominated by the Isthmo-Colombian culture.
The Costa Rica indigenous groups of this time, however, have little influence on modern-day Costa Rica due to illnesses brought by colonizing Europeans that decimated the population.
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Spanish Colonization
Christopher Columbus arrived in Costa Rica in 1502, marking the start of the colonial period. The colonizers reportedly named the land as such, which in English means “rich coast,” hoping its hills were hiding mounds of gold. When their assumption was proven wrong, they resorted to cultivating the land for agriculture instead.
However, this incident gave the impression that the country was utterly poor. The Spaniards then focused their attention on the apparently better-endowed neighboring colonies, leaving Costa Rica sparsely developed.
Half a century of Spanish colonization has had lasting effects on Costa Rican culture. The Catholic religion, Hispanic food, and dances, to name a few, have been integrated into the local customs. Spanish is now also the dominant language spoken in Costa Rica.
Though the Spaniards’ influence has enriched the country in many ways, it still remained under-appreciated and underdeveloped throughout its colonization history. Its small population, the great distance from the captaincy general in Guatemala, and the trading prohibition with Panama added to their disadvantages pushing Costa Rica further in isolation.
Costa Rican Independence
It didn’t take long for the Rich Coast to see better days and get the chance to live out its name as it nears its independence.
In 1821, the Spanish government was defeated in central Mexico, bringing freedom to the territories of New Spain, including Costa Rica. Afterward, it joined other Central American countries in forming a federation, which was short-lived. In 1838, Costa Rica became a separate state and in 1869, finally established its democratic government.
These historical events in Costa Rica have paved the way for the country to finally stand on its own feet. Since then, the dark clouds that have long hidden the Rich Coast have gradually dispersed, allowing the country to nurture its true wealth and shine before the world.
Modern Day Costa Rica
Today, Costa Rica is known for its strong democracy and relatively stable economy, surpassing any other Central American country. They boast of a high literacy rate, fervent commitment to human and women’s rights, and solid advocacy for environmental protection.
Costa Rica embodies a peaceful paradise. Adorned with numerous natural wonders, the country is known for its beautiful beaches, national parks, and lush vegetation. It has managed to be peaceful amidst war-torn neighboring nations during the 70s and 80s and is the first country to abolish its army.
Agriculture and Economy
The originally agricultural country is famous for its high-quality coffee, which is one of the finest and most expensive in the world. Costa Ricans mostly grow the Arabica variety, which is well-loved for its smooth and mellow quality. The Rich Coast also has abundant produce of bananas and pineapples, which are their leading exports.
At present, however, much of the economic gains come from technology and eco-tourism. Like most of the globe, modernization has dominated Costa Rica, with services and technology leading the industries.
Ecology and Tourism
Another wealth Costa Rica is known for is its natural resources and wildlife. No wonder Costa Rica has been ranked several times as one of the world’s best tourist destinations.
With the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean on either side, Costa Rica is blessed with some of the most stunning beaches. Its distinct landscape is marked by more than 60 volcanoes and over 800 miles of coastline. Costa Rica’s rainforests, moreover, are home to 5% of the world’s species including 10,000 species of plants.
Its booming eco-tourism is especially thanks to its robust environmental policies that widely support the preservation of wildlife diversity and the promotion of responsible travel. This high regard for nature in Costa Rica has ensured a sustainable economy and tourism.
Pura Vida Lifestyle
The treasures of the Rich Coast are not just found in their material wealth but most importantly from its joyous inhabitants. Costa Rica people are reputed to be one of the happiest in the world.
Their cheerful character is deeply ingrained in their culture of “Pura Vida,” translated as “pure life” or “simple life.” This shows their value for the good life manifested in their laid-back lifestyle.
They are fun, hospitable, and love spending quality time with family and friends. They know the simple things are the best things in life and prefer relishing them moment by moment. Costa Rica’s history may have been filled with hardships but that doesn’t dampen the Pura Vida spirit.
The history of Costa Rica is truly replete with challenges, especially during the period of colonization. But the centuries of struggle have transformed their people and culture into a wonderful testament to their rich history. Take a trip to Costa Rica and see for yourself how rich this beautiful country truly is!
